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This Wiki is intended to help average computer users (probably you) who also are novice users with '''IBM i''' to get started with the system quickly. The system is in parts dramatically different from many things you've probably learned from conventional systems. This makes it hard to learn the concepts. Additionally, there's a certain amount of ''slang''. Without proper translation into stuff we know, it's even more complicated to get going.
This Wiki is intended to help average computer users (probably you) who also are curious about '''AS/400''', '''iSeries''', or '''IBM i''' to get started with the system. The platform is in parts dramatically different from many you've probably learned about before. This makes it hard to understand the underlying concepts. Additionally, there's a certain amount of ''slang''. Without proper translation into terms we know, it's even more complicated to get going.


Fortunately, there's a wealth of online resources available in the web. Unfortunately, these are scattered around, sometimes providing insight to special topics while omitting basic information for helping novice users to just get started.
Fortunately, there's a wealth of online resources available in the web. Unfortunately, these are scattered around, sometimes providing insight to special topics while omitting basic information for helping novice users to just get started.
The intention of this information resource is trying to explain the platform in terms of, and comparison to, stuff you might be more familiar with.


== Why? ==
== Why? ==
The AS/400 is a huge platform to explore. As you probably wouldn't expect to learn everything Linux from reading three Wikipedia-Articles, you may possibly understand that this Wiki has a lot of content and is constantly growing and filled with more information.
The AS/400 is a huge area to explore. As you probably wouldn’t expect to learn ''everything Linux'' from reading three Wikipedia articles, you may possibly understand that this Wiki has a lot of content and is constantly growing and being filled with more information. Also, existing content is prone to being enhanced and corrected of errors. You may help with this by writing me to <[mailto:webhamster@pocnet.net webhamster@pocnet.net]>.


I had a hard time to learn and I want to make it easier for you to just get started.
I had a hard time to learn and I want to make it easier for you to just get started.


Most content in this Wiki is based on my own experiences with an old 9401-150 machine, running OS/400 V4R5 with latest patches, which is from the early 2000's. When I describe newer machines or OS releases, I'll indicate that in the text.
Most content in this Wiki is based on my own experiences with an older 9401-150 machine, running OS/400 V4R5 with latest patches, that is from the early 2000’s. When I describe different machines or OS releases, I‘ll indicate that in the text.
 
Please read '''[[The Naming of the System]]''' for my thoughts regarding the regularly fought battle about ''It’s not an AS/400 anymore!''.


=== Evolution ===
=== Evolution ===
Why should you care for V4? The current version is V7.something!
<blockquote>But why should you care for V4? The current version is V7.something!</blockquote>


Every OS does evolve over time. So does OS/400, or IBM i, as it's called today. Windows Server 2016 bears a certain resemblance to Windows 2000 (not counting the UI changes!). Much stuff you learned in the 2000's era is outdated and never needed again in modern systems, though. MacOS 9 from 2001 bears only a slight resemblance to today's OS X (or macOS as it's now called). Most conventional platforms don't just evolve, they change, often in incompatible ways.
Every OS does evolve over time. So does OS/400, or IBM i, as it’s called today. Windows Server 2019 bears a certain resemblance to Windows 2000 (not counting the UI changes!). Much stuff you learned in the 2000’s era is outdated and never needed again in modern systems, though. Mac OS 9 from 2001 bears only a slight resemblance to today’s OS X (or ''macOS'' as it’s now called). Most conventional platforms don’t just evolve, they change, often in incompatible ways.


This is different with OS/400. Newer releases of OS/400 carry over almost all stuff you'd know from V4. Most knowledge you acquired with just V4 isn't worthless with V7. V7 has '''additional''' capabilities to learn. And that's probably one of many reasons, why the AS/400 is sometimes called a ''mini-mainframe''. It's all about backward compatibility, seen from an application's point of view.
This is different with OS/400. Newer releases of OS/400 carry over ''almost'' all stuff you'd know from V4. Most knowledge you acquired with just V4 isn’t worthless with V7. V7 has '''additional''' capabilities to learn.


== Background ==
If you are interested in background information how and by whom the system was developed, see '''[[History]]'''.
IBM has a long standing history for providing machinery and services for classical business cases. Maybe the AS/400 is commonly perceived as ultimately boring because of that: The AS/400 is mostly running stuff considered boring (by geeks). Commercial IT at it's best<ref>Or worst.</ref>: Warehouse management, personnel administration, tracking account movements, to name a few. Stuff that makes sure civilisation as we know it won't collapse, because money stops flowing, carriage of goods ceases, personnel isn't directed to where needed.
 
IBM launched the '''AS/400''' hardware platform with it's proprietary operating system called '''OS/400''' in 1988. This platform was essentially a somewhat modified version of the ''IBM System/38'', announced in 1978. Both machines were the brainchild of Frank Soltis and Glenn Henry.
 
Around the year 2000, the whole platform was rebranded to '''AS/400e''' (for eServer), reflecting IBMs strategy to focus on e-Business.
 
In 2006, the platform was rebranded again as '''System i''' or '''iSeries''' while the Operating System was named '''i5/OS''' and eventually '''IBM i'''.
 
See [[The Naming of the System]] for thoughts regarding this topic.
 
=== See also ===
* From the english Wikipedia:
** [[wikipedia:IBM_System_i|IBM System i]]
** [[wikipedia:IBM_i|IBM i]]


== Getting started ==
== Getting started ==
If you are interested in getting to know (more) about AS/400 basics, you may read [[About Green Screens and mouse-clickable UIs]] as well as about [[Features which separate the AS/400 from common computer systems]] to get a first glance what makes this platform so unique. This might provide a better understanding when deciding if you want to continue exploring the AS/400 beyond theoretical statements.
If you are interested in getting to know (more) about AS/400 basics, you may read '''[[About Green Screens and mouse-clickable UIs]]''' as well as about '''[[Features that separate the AS/400 from common computer systems]]''' to get a first glance what makes this platform so unique. This might provide a better decision-making about if you want to continue exploring the AS/400 beyond theoretical statements.


Want to dive deep? You should decide if you want you own machine or if it's sufficient to have remote access to a machine to start exploring as an ordinary user, without administrative rights. You may start with the latter and get your own machine at a later point in time, though.
Want to dive deep? You should decide if you want your own machine or if it’s sufficient to have remote access to a machine to start exploring as an ordinary user, without administrative rights. You may start with the latter and get your own machine at a later point in time, though.


* [http://www.rzkh.de ''Holger Scherer''] has been providing free access to an [http://pub400.com IBM i installation] hosted in his company's bunker, for people to explore the system, learn and perhaps start programming. Unfortunately, this has been abused by commercial trainers and Holger decided to change rules. I absolutely support his decision but this means more restrictions for good guys also.
* [http://www.rzkh.de ''Holger Scherer''] has been providing free access to an [http://pub400.com IBM i installation] hosted in his company’s bunker, for people to explore the system, learn and perhaps start programming.
* If you decide having your own machine is the way to go, I encourage you to start looking at internet auction sites and companies with IBM i expertise for a used box to eventually call [[Your own AS/400|your own]].
* If you decide having your own machine is the way to go, I encourage you to start looking at internet auction sites and companies with IBM i expertise for a used box to eventually call [[Your own AS/400|your own]].


The ever growing [[UNIX-User's Cheater Table]] could probably be helpful in finding out a certain command when you know the command in UNIX.
The ever growing '''[[UNIX-User's Cheater Table]]''' could probably be helpful in finding out a certain command when you know the command in UNIX, or Linux.


If you're coming from the IBM Mainframe World, you'll be relieved that many concepts are borrowed from OS/360. If there's demand, I'll probably add an extra article for an overview of similarities and differences.
If you’re coming from the IBM mainframe world, you’ll be relieved that many concepts are borrowed from the predecessors of z/OS. If there’s demand, I’ll probably add an extra article for an overview of similarities and differences.


== A word on virtualization ==
== A word on virtualization ==
Currently there is no known way to run OS/400 on (virtual) x86 platforms.<ref>There has been support for the 80386 in OS/400 for the so called ''portable'' AS/400, 9401-P02 and P03. This hardware utilized an 80386/20. But that's only the CPU, all the other stuff is as non-PC as can be.</ref> OS/400 ''can'' be virtualized on appropriate hardware. That is, some kind of IBM POWER based system. But if you have the hardware in the first place, virtualization is probably superfluous.
Currently there is no known way to run OS/400 on (virtual) x86 platforms. OS/400 ''can'' be virtualized on appropriate hardware, driven by IBM POWER CPUs. That is, some kind of IBM POWER based system. But if you have this hardware in the first place, virtualization is probably superfluous.


OS/400 in recent versions can host LPARs for Linux and AIX (and itself), so it's quite possible to have a good deal of integration the other way 'round.<ref>POWER 8 is the first CPU with complete little endian support, which is required by most free and current Linux Distros like Debian (ppc64el). For older POWERs you need to find an appropriately older Distro which supports big endian (ppc64) CPUs.</ref>
OS/400 in recent versions can host LPARs for Linux, AIX, and itself, so it’s quite possible to have a good deal of integration the other way 'round.<ref>POWER 8 is the first CPU with complete little endian support, which is required by most free and current Linux distros like Debian (ppc64el). For older machines you need to find an appropriately older distro version that still supports big endian (PPC64) CPUs. Currently, Debian PPC64 support is unofficial. See [https://wiki.debian.org/SupportedArchitectures SupportedArchitectures] in the Debian Wiki.</ref>


== Further Reading ==
== Further Reading ==
This selection of initial reading may be not applicable to your particular situation, maybe because you're not (yet) owning an AS/400 or your box came with OS/400 preinstalled.
This selection of initial reading may be not applicable to your particular situation, maybe because you’re not (yet) owning an AS/400 or your box came with OS/400 preinstalled.


* [[Getting started with the Hardware]]
* [[Getting started with the hardware]], and how to boot the system
* [[How to access your AS/400]]
* [[How to access your AS/400]]
* [[Basic Usage Instructions]]
* [[Basic Usage Instructions]]
* [[How to properly shut down your AS/400]]
* [[How to properly shut down your AS/400]]


A little more advanced Topics:
A little more advanced topics:
* [[Installing OS/400]]
* [[Installing OS/400]]
* [[Basic System Administration Tasks explained]]
* [[Basic System Administration Tasks explained]]
* [[Getting Data in and out of your AS/400]]
* [[Getting Data in and out of your AS/400]]
* [[Basic Software Development]]
* [[Basic Software Development]]
Regarding software development, it might be of interest to have a look at my [https://github.com/PoC-dev GitHub Projects Page].
=== Links to IBM documentation ===
In the beginning of 2023 I was forced by IBM UK to take offline my publicly available [https://ibmdocs.pocnet.net IBM documents collection]. No opportunity was given to challenge that decision. In addition, it proved to be impossible for me to find/identify a responsible person within IBM to overturn that decision.
Links in this Wiki thus point directly to the [https://www.ibm.com/resources/publications/searchInput IBM Publications Center]. If the list of results is empty, this means IBM doesn't publish the linked document any longer. Since I'm not allowed to publicly publish ''IBM copyrighted material'', you probably need to find the linked documents [https://web.archive.org/web/20220221081333/https://ibmdocs.pocnet.net/ elsewhere].
=== See also ===
* From the English Wikipedia:
** [[wikipedia:IBM_System_i|IBM System i]]
** [[wikipedia:IBM_i|IBM i]]


== Restrictions regarding this Wiki ==
== Restrictions regarding this Wiki ==
This Wiki is ''read only'' for guest users because of frequent vandalism and spamming. Also, self-creating user accounts isn't allowed for the very same reasons.
This Wiki is ''read only'' for guest users because of frequent vandalism and spamming. Also, self-creating user accounts isn’t allowed for the very same reasons.


Volunteers are very welcome, especially for correcting my possibly numerous syntactic errors and misplaced commas. Feel free write [mailto:poc@pocnet.net an eMail] to me and I'll add an account for you.
Volunteers are very welcome, especially for correcting my possibly numerous syntactic errors and misplaced commas. Feel free write an e-mail to <[mailto:webhamster@pocnet.net webhamster@pocnet.net]> and I’ll add an account for you.


I'm also happy with any feedback. Even if it's only to say ''thank you''.
I’m also happy with any feedback. Even if it’s only to say ''thank you''.


== Rules regarding this Wiki ==
== Rules regarding this Wiki ==
Quality of the content comes before quantity. Also, to provide reasonable searchability for the articles, please adhere to the following points:
Quality of the content comes before quantity. Also, to provide reasonable understandability and searchability for articles, please adhere to the following points:
* Avoid spelling errors. Be precise when mentioning products,
* Keep a high quality of language,
* Name articles concise and distinctly,
** avoid spelling errors, slipshod procedure descriptions, and abstruse language.
* Always add category-tags at end of articles. This permits automatic grouping of related articles and better retrieval if the search function doesn't provide expected results.
* Name articles concise and distinctly (Wikis don’t provide a hierarchy),
** avoid repeating terms in several article names that are better used as a category name.
* Always add category-tags at end of articles. This permits automatic grouping of related articles and better retrieval if the search function doesn’t provide expected results.
* Add images sparsely and as additional reference only. Main explanation must be actual text, so
** automatic translation services can actually translate content,
** disabled persons can make better use of this Wiki.
* Don’t flood/plaster articles with full-size pictures. It strains the eyes to read!
* Adhere to Wikipedia Style when outlining articles:
** Begin articles with a sentence or two that roughly describes what the article is about, highlight keywords also appearing in the article name,
** Use separate sections for Weblink collections and footnotes at the very end of the article,
** Don’t use the Single-Equals sign for sections, this is already implied by the article heading.
* Be precise when mentioning actual products.


Please consult me before introducing new categories.
Please consult me before introducing new categories.
Line 82: Line 95:
<references />
<references />


[[Category: Basic Knowledge]]
[[Category: Musings]]

Latest revision as of 13:00, 21 May 2023

This Wiki is intended to help average computer users (probably you) who also are curious about AS/400, iSeries, or IBM i to get started with the system. The platform is in parts dramatically different from many you've probably learned about before. This makes it hard to understand the underlying concepts. Additionally, there's a certain amount of slang. Without proper translation into terms we know, it's even more complicated to get going.

Fortunately, there's a wealth of online resources available in the web. Unfortunately, these are scattered around, sometimes providing insight to special topics while omitting basic information for helping novice users to just get started.

The intention of this information resource is trying to explain the platform in terms of, and comparison to, stuff you might be more familiar with.

Why?

The AS/400 is a huge area to explore. As you probably wouldn’t expect to learn everything Linux from reading three Wikipedia articles, you may possibly understand that this Wiki has a lot of content and is constantly growing and being filled with more information. Also, existing content is prone to being enhanced and corrected of errors. You may help with this by writing me to <webhamster@pocnet.net>.

I had a hard time to learn and I want to make it easier for you to just get started.

Most content in this Wiki is based on my own experiences with an older 9401-150 machine, running OS/400 V4R5 with latest patches, that is from the early 2000’s. When I describe different machines or OS releases, I‘ll indicate that in the text.

Please read The Naming of the System for my thoughts regarding the regularly fought battle about It’s not an AS/400 anymore!.

Evolution

But why should you care for V4? The current version is V7.something!

Every OS does evolve over time. So does OS/400, or IBM i, as it’s called today. Windows Server 2019 bears a certain resemblance to Windows 2000 (not counting the UI changes!). Much stuff you learned in the 2000’s era is outdated and never needed again in modern systems, though. Mac OS 9 from 2001 bears only a slight resemblance to today’s OS X (or macOS as it’s now called). Most conventional platforms don’t just evolve, they change, often in incompatible ways.

This is different with OS/400. Newer releases of OS/400 carry over almost all stuff you'd know from V4. Most knowledge you acquired with just V4 isn’t worthless with V7. V7 has additional capabilities to learn.

If you are interested in background information how and by whom the system was developed, see History.

Getting started

If you are interested in getting to know (more) about AS/400 basics, you may read About Green Screens and mouse-clickable UIs as well as about Features that separate the AS/400 from common computer systems to get a first glance what makes this platform so unique. This might provide a better decision-making about if you want to continue exploring the AS/400 beyond theoretical statements.

Want to dive deep? You should decide if you want your own machine or if it’s sufficient to have remote access to a machine to start exploring as an ordinary user, without administrative rights. You may start with the latter and get your own machine at a later point in time, though.

  • Holger Scherer has been providing free access to an IBM i installation hosted in his company’s bunker, for people to explore the system, learn and perhaps start programming.
  • If you decide having your own machine is the way to go, I encourage you to start looking at internet auction sites and companies with IBM i expertise for a used box to eventually call your own.

The ever growing UNIX-User's Cheater Table could probably be helpful in finding out a certain command when you know the command in UNIX, or Linux.

If you’re coming from the IBM mainframe world, you’ll be relieved that many concepts are borrowed from the predecessors of z/OS. If there’s demand, I’ll probably add an extra article for an overview of similarities and differences.

A word on virtualization

Currently there is no known way to run OS/400 on (virtual) x86 platforms. OS/400 can be virtualized – on appropriate hardware, driven by IBM POWER CPUs. That is, some kind of IBM POWER based system. But if you have this hardware in the first place, virtualization is probably superfluous.

OS/400 in recent versions can host LPARs for Linux, AIX, and itself, so it’s quite possible to have a good deal of integration the other way 'round.[1]

Further Reading

This selection of initial reading may be not applicable to your particular situation, maybe because you’re not (yet) owning an AS/400 or your box came with OS/400 preinstalled.

A little more advanced topics:

Regarding software development, it might be of interest to have a look at my GitHub Projects Page.

Links to IBM documentation

In the beginning of 2023 I was forced by IBM UK to take offline my publicly available IBM documents collection. No opportunity was given to challenge that decision. In addition, it proved to be impossible for me to find/identify a responsible person within IBM to overturn that decision.

Links in this Wiki thus point directly to the IBM Publications Center. If the list of results is empty, this means IBM doesn't publish the linked document any longer. Since I'm not allowed to publicly publish IBM copyrighted material, you probably need to find the linked documents elsewhere.

See also

Restrictions regarding this Wiki

This Wiki is read only for guest users because of frequent vandalism and spamming. Also, self-creating user accounts isn’t allowed for the very same reasons.

Volunteers are very welcome, especially for correcting my possibly numerous syntactic errors and misplaced commas. Feel free write an e-mail to <webhamster@pocnet.net> and I’ll add an account for you.

I’m also happy with any feedback. Even if it’s only to say thank you.

Rules regarding this Wiki

Quality of the content comes before quantity. Also, to provide reasonable understandability and searchability for articles, please adhere to the following points:

  • Keep a high quality of language,
    • avoid spelling errors, slipshod procedure descriptions, and abstruse language.
  • Name articles concise and distinctly (Wikis don’t provide a hierarchy),
    • avoid repeating terms in several article names that are better used as a category name.
  • Always add category-tags at end of articles. This permits automatic grouping of related articles and better retrieval if the search function doesn’t provide expected results.
  • Add images sparsely and as additional reference only. Main explanation must be actual text, so
    • automatic translation services can actually translate content,
    • disabled persons can make better use of this Wiki.
  • Don’t flood/plaster articles with full-size pictures. It strains the eyes to read!
  • Adhere to Wikipedia Style when outlining articles:
    • Begin articles with a sentence or two that roughly describes what the article is about, highlight keywords also appearing in the article name,
    • Use separate sections for Weblink collections and footnotes at the very end of the article,
    • Don’t use the Single-Equals sign for sections, this is already implied by the article heading.
  • Be precise when mentioning actual products.

Please consult me before introducing new categories.

Footnotes

  1. POWER 8 is the first CPU with complete little endian support, which is required by most free and current Linux distros like Debian (ppc64el). For older machines you need to find an appropriately older distro version that still supports big endian (PPC64) CPUs. Currently, Debian PPC64 support is unofficial. See SupportedArchitectures in the Debian Wiki.